review · Bioengineering
Green biosynthesis offers an environmentally friendly method for producing metallic nanoparticles, including silver, gold, and zinc, by using biological agents such as plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae. Natural extracts supply phytochemicals and biomolecules that reduce metal ions and stabilise the resulting nanoparticles. Key reaction parameters, including pH, temperature, and precursor concentration, govern particle size and formation. These biosynthesised nanoparticles demonstrate potential across multiple sectors, including antibacterial drug delivery, cancer treatment, biosensors, and environmental remediation. Realising eco-friendly nanomanufacturing platforms requires addressing critical hurdles, specifically standardising protocols, scaling up production, and regulating nanoparticle properties. Continued optimisation of operating conditions and the exploration of new biological sources remain essential steps for the development of this field.
Traditional chemical nanoparticle synthesis often relies on hazardous reagents and energy-intensive processes. Using plants and microorganisms offers a cleaner, safer alternative by harnessing renewable biological materials. Understanding the factors that control particle size and performance is crucial for developing sustainable manufacturing platforms for medical, diagnostic, and environmental cleanup technologies.
The reviewed approaches target developers in drug delivery, oncology, diagnostics, and environmental remediation. The technology remains at an early research stage. Translating these biological synthesis methods into viable commercial products will require overcoming significant industrial barriers, notably the standardisation of biological protocols, precise control over nanoparticle properties, and the technical challenge of scaling up production beyond laboratory settings.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
Metallic nanoparticles have found wide applications due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Green biosynthesis using plants, microbes, and plant/microbial extracts provides an environmentally friendly approach for nanoparticle synthesis. This review discusses the mechanisms and factors governing the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles such as silver, gold, and zinc using various plant extracts and microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae. The phytochemicals and biomolecules responsible for reducing metal ions and stabilizing nanoparticles are discussed. Key process parameters like pH, temperature, and precursor concentration affecting particle size are highlighted. Characterization techniques for confirming the formation and properties of nanoparticles are also mentioned. Applications of biosynthesized nanoparticles in areas such as antibacterial delivery, cancer therapy, biosensors, and environmental remediation are reviewed. Challenges in scaling up production and regulating nanoparticle properties are addressed. Power Point 365 was used for creating graphics. Overall, green biosynthesis is an emerging field with opportunities for developing eco-friendly nanomanufacturing platforms using abundant natural resources. Further work on optimizing conditions, standardizing protocols, and exploring new biosources is needed to realize the full potential of this approach.
This page summarises published work. The authoritative version sits with the publisher.
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11111095
Is something wrong with this record? Report it or request removal.
Discussion
Have you built on this work, tried to replicate it, or seen it applied in practice? Share what you know. Verified researchers and MARATTO™ domain experts can open a discussion, and any member can reply. Contributions are reviewed before they appear.
No discussion yet. Open the first thread.
New to MARATTO™? Create a free account.
