review · Environmental Chemistry Letters
This review addresses the critical challenge of hydrogen storage, which is essential for developing a carbon-neutral hydrogen economy. Current storage methods are expensive and potentially unsafe due to high pressures. The research focuses on advanced hydrogen sorbents, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), porous carbon-based adsorbents, zeolites, and advanced composites, as safer alternatives. The review covers hydrogen sources, production, and the role of machine learning in predicting efficient storage materials. Observed storage capacities include up to 10 wt.% for MOFs, 6 wt.% for COFs, and 3-5 wt.% for porous carbon-based adsorbents. High-entropy alloys and advanced composites are noted for their improved stability and hydrogen uptake.
Efficient and safe hydrogen storage is crucial for transitioning to a carbon-neutral energy system. Overcoming current limitations in storage technology will enable wider adoption of hydrogen as a clean fuel, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change impacts. This research contributes to making hydrogen a viable energy solution.
This research is foundational, focusing on material science and computational methods to develop safer and more efficient hydrogen storage. It could enable the creation of new storage devices for the hydrogen economy, benefiting industries involved in energy production, transportation, and industrial processes. This appears to be early-stage research, identifying promising materials and methodologies for future application development.
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Abstract Hydrogen is viewed as the future carbon–neutral fuel, yet hydrogen storage is a key issue for developing the hydrogen economy because current storage techniques are expensive and potentially unsafe due to pressures reaching up to 700 bar. As a consequence, research has recently designed advanced hydrogen sorbents, such as metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, porous carbon-based adsorbents, zeolite, and advanced composites, for safer hydrogen storage. Here, we review hydrogen storage with a focus on hydrogen sources and production, advanced sorbents, and machine learning. Carbon-based sorbents include graphene, fullerene, carbon nanotubes and activated carbon. We observed that storage capacities reach up to 10 wt.% for metal–organic frameworks, 6 wt.% for covalent organic frameworks, and 3–5 wt.% for porous carbon-based adsorbents. High-entropy alloys and advanced composites exhibit improved stability and hydrogen uptake. Machine learning has allowed predicting efficient storage materials.
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DOI: 10.1007/s10311-024-01741-3
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