article · Nanoscale
Metal-organic frameworks offer high surface area and electrochemical performance for energy storage, especially when combined with carbon nanomaterials. This research examined composites pairing zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks with functionalised carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide nanoribbons. In laboratory testing within an acidic electrolyte using both two-electrode and three-electrode configurations, the addition of these nanocarbons considerably boosted capacitance compared to the framework alone. Two-electrode cells pairing the composite positive electrodes with graphene oxide nanoribbon negative electrodes achieved broad operating voltage windows of up to two volts. Furthermore, these configurations demonstrated notable operational durability, sustaining their specific capacitance over ten thousand continuous charge and discharge cycles at an elevated current density of ten amperes per gram. These composite materials provide enhanced electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and robust capacitive performance for electrochemical energy storage devices.
Modern electronic systems and renewable power networks require energy storage devices that charge rapidly and survive thousands of cycles without degrading. By combining porous frameworks with specialised carbon structures, this work demonstrates how electrode materials can achieve both broad operating voltages and exceptional cyclic stability under demanding, high-rate charge and discharge conditions.
The work could enable high-endurance supercapacitors for energy storage applications requiring rapid power delivery and long cycle lives. Potential end users include manufacturers of electrochemical energy storage devices and specialised electronic components. This technology is at an early stage of research, having been synthesised and evaluated exclusively via laboratory-scale two-electrode and three-electrode electrochemical testing in an acidic electrolyte.
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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained considerable interest as crystalline porous materials with notable characteristics, such as high surface area and excellent electrochemical performance, particularly in supercapacitor applications. The combination of MOFs with various nanocarbon materials further enhances their performance. This study investigated the combination of zirconium-based MOFs (Zr-MOFs) with graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs), zipped carbon nanotubes, and functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs) to fabricate composites with elevated electrical conductivity, adjustable surface area, chemical robustness, mechanical strength, and customizable attributes for specific applications. Zr-MOFs exhibit remarkable capacitance, making them promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. GONRs and FCNTs have recently emerged as focal materials owing to their unique properties, which make them promising materials for electrochemical energy storage devices. A thorough investigation of the supercapacitive behavior of GONRs, FCNTs, Zr-MOFs, Zr-MOFs/FCNTs, and Zr-MOFs/GONRs in 1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> using different evaluation systems (three- and two-electrode systems) revealed a significant enhancement in the capacitance of Zr-MOFs after the introduction of GONRs and FCNTs. Employing Zr-MOF/GONR and Zr-MOF/FCNT composites as positive electrodes and GONRs as negative electrodes in two-electrode measurements demonstrated remarkable cycling stability by retaining their specific capacitances (<i>C</i><sub>s</sub>) even after 10 000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles at a high current density of 10 A g<sup>-1</sup>. Moreover, they feature a broad potential window of 1.7 V in the three-electrode system. This extends to 2 V in the two-electrode system, achieving high <i>C</i><sub>s</sub>. This highlights the remarkable electrochemical performance of the Zr-MOF/GONR and Zr-MOF/FCNT composites, offering a compelling approach for energy storage applications.
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DOI: 10.1039/d4nr03926b
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