Value of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in assessment of chronic kidney disease patients with iron deficiency anemia without gastrointestinal symptoms

Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most important etiological factors for anemia in chronic kidney disease patients. Iron deficiency anemia in adults is commonly caused by upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, the epidemiology of gastrointestinal lesions in patients with chronic kidney disease remains questionable. Aim: to assess the presence of potential upper gastrointestinal disorders in asymptomatic patients with chronic kidney disease and assess the risk factors contributing to the most prevalent endoscopic findings.Methods: This randomized controlled trial involved 81 patients categorized ‎into two groups ‎according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate. History taking, examination, laboratory ‎investigations, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were performed on all participants ‎from May 2021 to November 2021‎‎.‎Results: The most common endoscopic findings were chronic gastritis, helicobacter pylori, and erosive ‎gastritis. Risk factors associated with helicobacter pylori gastritis ‎included higher serum creatinine and lower transferrin saturation. Risk factors for erosive gastritis‎ included older age, higher serum creatinine, ‎ ‎lower hemoglobin, ‎ and lower ‎ serum iron.‎Conclusion: Endoscopic gastrointestinal lesions are common in asymptomatic chronic kidney disease patients with iron deficiency anemia. The severity of renal disease increased the prevalence of severe gastrointestinal lesions.