Validity of S100B protein as a prognostic tool in isolated severe head injuries in emergency patients

Abstract

Introduction Trauma results in 10% of all deaths or five million died annually. In spite of the progress in monitoring and imaging studies, definite, correct prediction of brain death after brain trauma is not possible until now, and brain injury is the third most common cause of mortality in the world. Aim The aim of the study is to identify the validity of S100B protein as a predictor of mortality in isolated severe head trauma patients. Patients and methods Th study was a cross-sectional one that was carried out among 44 patients who presented with isolated severe head trauma to the emergency room. All the patients fulfilled our inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. The initial level of S100B protein was obtained from each patient on admission, 48 h later, and every patient was followed up for 28 days. Results This study demonstrates that the mean of S100B dimer levels within the first 2 h was 0.12 mg/l, while after 48 h the mean was elevated to 1.09 mg/l. In addition, the S100B protein to roll in as a prognostic marker in severe head trauma is 76 and 100%, respectively (sensitivity), while the ability of the test to roll out is 75 and 86% (specificity) and the overall accuracy is 76 and 90%. Conclusion The results of this study confirm the value of quick prognosis for the S100B protein to inform the relatives about the most expected outcome for the patient as this is the most common question asked to the physician and he his answer should have a scientific basis.