V2G-Enabled Smart Energy Management for Sustainable Home Electrification

Abstract

This work presents an innovative approach to home energy management using Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, integrating solar power, battery storage, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to optimize energy consumption and support grid stability. The system dynamically manages the energy flow between residential homes, electric vehicles (EVs), and the grid, ensuring efficient use of renewable energy and reducing reliance on grid power during peak demand periods. By leveraging V2G technology, the vehicles serve as mobile energy storage that can either supply energy back to the grid or directly power homes during times of deficit, particularly when solar generation is insufficient. The proposed system ensures sustainable energy management, enhancing grid reliability and minimizing interruptions. Through real-time data acquisition and decision-making algorithms, the system optimally distributes energy between solar panels, battery storage, and fuel cells, effectively addressing imbalances between energy supply and demand. The effectiveness of the strategy and the achieved results were validated through simulations in the MATLAB environment, demonstrating the system’s capability to optimize energy distribution and support grid stability under varying conditions. This study highlights the role of hydrogen-powered vehicles in energy recovery, offering a scalable and efficient solution to the growing challenges of electrification and sustainable energy use.