Utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV exposures among health care professionals in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a crucial medical intervention to prevent HIV transmission after possible exposure, especially for healthcare professionals (HCPs). Its effectiveness depends on being administered within 72 hours of exposure. The objective of this study was to assess the pooled prevalence of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) utilization among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia. Methods: A comprehensive review of studies was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Google. After carefully assessing the quality of the studies, relevant data were extracted and analyzed using R version 4.2.3 and STATA version 17.0. Results: An analysis of nine studies on postexposure prophylaxes of HIV the findings shows that the overall pooled prevalence of postexposure prophylaxes utilization among 1,175 participants was 43% (95% CI: 24% - 62%). The Amhara region reported the highest rate of PEP usage at 61% (95% CI: 14% - 100%), while the Oromia region had the lowest at 19% (95% CI: 14% - 24%). Several factors contribute to the low utilization rates of postexposure prophylaxes among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. These barriers were limited access to PEP medications, insufficient training on how to report occupational exposures, and fear of stigma related to HIV discouraging healthcare workers from seeking the care they need. To improve the utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia, it is crucial to address these challenges through comprehensive training programs and better access to post-exposure prophylaxis. Conclusions: The meta-analysis shows that postexposure prophylaxis utilization among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia is low, despite its proven effectiveness in preventing HIV transmission. The low overall uptake of postexposure prophylaxis shows the necessitates giving attention and intervention towards the hindering factors via creating supportive environments that mitigate stigma. Improving access to post-exposure prophylaxis medications is essential in enhancing occupational safety for healthcare workers