Use of a finite element scheme to study radiative peristaltic flow of blood plasma-based ternary hybrid nanofluids in a wavy channel with Hall current effects

Abstract

Enhancing heat transfer in biomedical fluid flow is vital for improving the efficiency of medical devices , targeted drug delivery , and thermal therapies. This study addresses the limitations of conventional nanofluids in complex physiological environments by introducing a novel ternary hybrid nanofluid to improve thermal performance in peristaltic blood flow . The primary aim is to analyze the thermal behavior of blood modeled as a tangent hyperbolic non-Newtonian fluid carrying a ternary hybrid suspension of tricalcium phosphate , molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), and cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles within a non-uniform, wavy channel under peristaltic motion . Key assumptions include incompressible, laminar, and two-dimensional flow with constant thermophysical properties and no-slip boundary conditions. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are derived and solved numerically using the finite element method . The results indicate that the presence of ternary hybrid nanoparticles significantly enhances heat transfer but reduces fluid velocity due to increased viscosity . Compared to conventional hybrid nanofluids , the ternary hybrid configuration offers improved thermal control, suggesting its suitability for biomedical and physiological heat management applications.