article · Inorganics
Industrial effluent often carries harmful organic dyes that must be removed through cost-effective methods. This research evaluated the use of calcium oxide-doped carbon nitride nanostructures, designated as CaO-g-C3N4, to adsorb basic fuchsine dye from wastewater. Fabricated using ultrasonication, the material forms two-dimensional nanosheets with a specific surface area of 37.31 square metres per gramme. Testing indicated that while changing the dye concentration influenced dye removal, variations in pH had no observed effect on the process. The adsorption behaviour followed Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order kinetic models, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 813 milligrams per gramme. Spectroscopic analysis linked the dye uptake mechanism to hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking interactions. The nanosorbent was readily recovered from solution and retained its effectiveness over at least four consecutive cycles, demonstrating its functional potential for water purification.
Discharging synthetic dyes into waterways poses severe environmental and health hazards. Developing reusable, high-capacity adsorbents that work regardless of solution pH simplifies water treatment protocols. Because this nanomaterial operates effectively without requiring pH adjustments and functions across multiple treatment cycles, it offers an efficient method for cleaning dye-laden industrial wastewater.
The findings could assist industrial wastewater treatment operators, particularly in sectors generating organic dye effluents like textiles or chemical manufacturing. The material shows potential for integration into filtration or adsorption units due to its high capacity and four-cycle reusability. However, because tests were conducted at laboratory scale in aqueous phase conditions without pilot-scale or continuous-flow verification, the technology represents early-stage research.
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Removing organic dyes from contaminated wastewater resulting from industrial effluents with a cost-effective approach addresses a major global challenge. The adsorption technique onto carbon-based materials and metal oxide is one of the most effective dye removal procedures. The current work aimed to evaluate the application of calcium oxide-doped carbon nitride nanostructures (CaO-g-C3N4) to eliminate basic fuchsine dyes (BF) from wastewater. CaO-g-C3N4 nanosorbent were obtained via ultrasonication and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, TEM, and BET. The TEM analysis reveals 2D nanosheet-like nanoparticle architectures with a high specific surface area (37.31 m2/g) for the as-fabricated CaO-g-C3N4 nanosorbent. The adsorption results demonstrated that the variation of the dye concentration impacted the elimination of BF by CaO-C3N4 while no effect of pH on the removal of BF was observed. Freundlich isotherm and Pseudo-First-order adsorption kinetics models best fitted BF adsorption onto CaO-g-C3N4. The highest adsorption capacity of CaO-g-C3N4 for BF was determined to be 813 mg. g−1. The adsorption mechanism of BF is related to the π-π stacking bridging and hydrogen bond, as demonstrated by the FTIR study. CaO-g-C3N4 nanostructures may be easily recovered from solution and were effectively employed for BF elimination in at least four continuous cycles. The fabricated CaO-g-C3N4 adsorbent display excellent BF adsorption capacity and can be used as a potential sorbent in wastewater purification.
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DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11010044
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