review · Annals of Medicine and Surgery
Immunometabolism investigates the link between cellular metabolic pathways and immune responses, offering valuable insights for managing immune-related disorders. Key processes, including glycolysis, mitochondrial activity, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, dictate immune cell activation, differentiation, and operational capacity. When these metabolic pathways become dysregulated, normal immune activity is disrupted, which directly contributes to disease onset and progression. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying these metabolic shifts is vital for creating targeted medical interventions. Furthermore, individuals exhibit distinct metabolic profiles that can substantially alter therapeutic responses. Integrating metabolic profiling into clinical practice provides opportunities to customise treatment strategies, improve therapeutic effectiveness, and advance the capabilities of precision immunotherapy across diverse health conditions.
How immune cells consume energy directly influences how effectively they defend against disease or drive inflammatory conditions. By uncovering the metabolic pathways that control immune behaviour, clinicians and scientists can better understand why standard treatments fail for certain individuals. This knowledge supports the transition towards personalised medicine, enabling healthcare providers to tailor therapies to individual metabolic profiles for improved patient outcomes.
The concepts highlight future opportunities for precision immunotherapy developers and diagnostic providers of metabolic profiling tools. Therapeutic applications focus on targeted molecular interventions aimed at specific metabolic pathways such as glycolysis or fatty acid utilisation. Because the work is a conceptual review of fundamental biological pathways rather than a report of a tested drug or device, it represents an early-stage research foundation that requires experimental validation before reaching clinical application.
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Immunometabolism has emerged as a rapidly growing field of research, holding significant promise for personalised medicine and precision immunotherapy. This review explores the intricate relationship between immune function and metabolic processes, emphasising their profound impact on various immune-related disorders. Understanding how metabolic dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of these disorders remains a critical research gap. Therefore, this review aims to bridge that gap by examining the key metabolic pathways involved and their specific implications in immune cell function. Key metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, are discussed in the context of immune cell function. Dysregulation of these pathways can disrupt immune cell activation, differentiation, and overall function, contributing to disease pathogenesis. Understanding these metabolic alterations' molecular mechanisms is essential for developing targeted therapeutic interventions. The review also emphasises the importance of personalised medicine in immune-related disorders. The unique metabolic profiles of individuals can influence treatment outcomes, highlighting the need for tailored approaches. Integrating metabolic profiling into clinical practice can enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes. Investigating the clinical significance of immunometabolism in diverse disease contexts will facilitate the translation of research findings into clinical practice. Moreover, refining treatment strategies based on individual metabolic profiles will contribute to advancing precision immunotherapy.
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DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001308
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