Unusual Acute Myocarditis Resulting in Severe Active Flare of Ankylosing Spondylitis with Pulmonary and Ocular Involvement: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: Acute myocarditis is an inflammatory disorder of the myocardium that can lead to severe cardiac dysfunction, arising from a broad spectrum of infectious and noninfec-tious etiologies. Ankylosing spondylitis, which primarily affects the axial skeleton, can involve the heart due to its systemic inflammatory nature, occasionally resulting in severe complications such as myocarditis. Case Presentation: We report an unusual case of acute myocarditis in a 49year-old male with an-kylosing spondylitis presenting with chest pain and systemic inflammatory symptoms. Diagnostic workup using the 2018 Lake Louise Criteria among cardiac MRI confirmed myocarditis in the absence of coronary artery disease or infectious etiology. The patient also demonstrated extra-articular manifestations with pulmonary and ocular involvement, consistent with an active anky-losing spondylitis flare. Management combined beta blockers, physical activity restriction, and re-introduction of anti-TNF alpha therapy, leading to both clinical and biological improvement. Conclusion: Acute myocarditis represents a rare yet severe cardiac manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis, requiring a high clinical suspicion to prevent heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy.