article · Scientific Reports
A mathematical model examines the behaviour of a hybrid nanofluid comprising nanodiamonds and silica nanoparticles moving through a catheterised tapered artery. The analysis evaluates three arterial geometries: converging tapered, non-tapered, and diverging tapered vessels. To capture the rheological characteristics of blood, a third-grade non-Newtonian fluid formulation is employed, allowing direct assessment of both Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow effects. The governing equations include the influences of heat transfer and an applied magnetic field, with closed-form solutions derived using a perturbation technique. Through this framework, essential fluid dynamics parameters are determined, focusing on velocity profiles, temperature distribution, and wall shear stress. The incorporation of nanodiamonds and silica relies on their hydrophilic surface properties, which connect the model to biological imaging and drug delivery concepts.
Understanding how nanoparticle-enhanced blood flows through narrowed or catheterised blood vessels under magnetic and thermal influences is essential for developing specialised medical interventions. Tracking variations in velocity, heat, and shear stress against arterial walls helps researchers anticipate fluid behaviour during targeted clinical procedures, providing valuable theoretical benchmarks for designing advanced biomedical therapies.
The research points toward potential applications in targeted drug delivery systems and biological imaging of genetic materials, enabled by the hydrophilic properties of nanodiamond and silica nanoparticles. Potential beneficiaries include biomedical engineers and nanomedicine developers working on catheter-delivered therapies. However, because the study is entirely theoretical and based on mathematical perturbation modelling, it represents early-stage fundamental research that is far from real-world clinical implementation.
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In this work, we observe the behavior of a hybrid nanofluidic model containing nanodiamonds and silica nanoparticles. The nanofluid propagates through a catheterized tapered artery with three distinct configurations: converging tapered, non-tapered and diverging tapered arteries. In order to assess the rheological properties of the blood, the third-grade non-Newtonian fluid is employed in the flow model such that the Newtonian versus non-Newtonian effects are revealed. The system of equations governing the flow is modeled under magnetic field and with heat transfer, then solved in a closed form using the perturbation approach for the pertinent parameters. The interpretations of the physical variables of interest, such as the velocity, temperature and wall shear stress, are explained. The integration of diamonds and silica nanoparticles give rise to diverse of biological applications since they are used in the drug delivery and biological imaging in genetic materials due to their hydrophilic surfaces. The present mathematical analysis lays a solid foundation on possible therapeutic applications in biomedicine.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32604-6
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