article · Journal of Plant Nutrition
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi establish symbiotic relationships with host plants, including rice, aiding nutrient uptake, stress modulation, soil structure, and plant growth stimulation. These fungi readily absorb phosphorus from the soil and transfer it to the plant, facilitating vigorous growth even in nutrient-deficient environments. Molecular and genetic investigations demonstrate that this symbiosis triggers complex signalling processes, activating phosphate transporter genes, altering root architecture, and elevating phosphorus concentrations in plant biomass. Regulatory factors such as hormone signalling, microRNAs, quantitative trait loci, and metabolic adaptations contribute to these nutritional improvements. In addition, the fungi enhance plant resilience to changing conditions, leading to the growing popularity of fungi-based products across agriculture, horticulture, and landscaping. Understanding the molecular pathways and limitations of these fungi provides a foundation for utilising them to sustain long-term crop productivity.
Improving phosphorus uptake is vital for sustaining crop productivity in nutrient-poor soils. Understanding how beneficial fungi interact with rice and regulate plant genes provides insights into enhancing natural nutrient acquisition. This supports the development of biological alternatives to synthetic chemical inputs, helping farmers maintain crop yields and adapt to changing environmental conditions.
The findings point to applications in bio-fertilisers and fungal inoculants aimed at agriculture, horticulture, and landscaping practitioners seeking to boost phosphorus use efficiency in crops like rice. Fungi-based commercial products already exist in the market, though optimising them via molecular insights into transporter genes and regulatory mechanisms represents ongoing research for long-term productivity.
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis, which may be found in almost all naturalistic habitats, perform activities such as nutrition uptake, stress modulation, growth stimulation, soil structure, and fertility management. AMF easily takes up phosphorus (P) from the soil and transports it to the plants. AMF facilitates host plants to grow vigorously under nutrient-deficient conditions by mediating a series of complex communication events between the plant and AMF leading to enhanced uptake of soil nutrients and activation of transporter genes. The fundamental processes of P uptake and utilization, as well as P transport, regulators, root architecture, metabolic adaptations, quantitative trait loci, hormone signaling, and microRNA, have been studied based on molecular and genetic investigations. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of AMF and its effects on rice and other plants at various stages of development, as well as the benefits, applications of AMF, and its interactions between different plant nutrients. It is identified that the expression of certain phosphate transporter family genes and P concentration in plant biomass was significantly increased as a result of the symbiotic relationship between AMF and plants. So, AMF's role as a bio-fertilizer has the potential to enhance the plant’s ability to adapt to changing conditions. AMF-related products for agriculture, horticulture, and landscaping have gained in popularity as a result of AMF's vast potential applicability. We go through recent innovations, developments, and molecular breakthroughs in these areas, as well as the benefits and limitations of using AMF in the future for long-term crop productivity.
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DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2023.2191638
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