Understanding the perceptions of female genital mutilation among future healthcare professionals in Egypt’s Northern Nile delta (understanding female genital cutting among students)

Abstract

Abstract Background Female genital mutilation (FGM) is still a prevalent practice in Egypt. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are often involved in performing the FGM procedure. Understanding FGM-related attitudes can help prevent this harmful practice. Objective To assess knowledge and attitudes of medical students about FGM. Methods A cross-sectional study recruiting 560 medical students using a structured self-administered questionnaire for data collection. Results Females represented 59.5% and those of urban residence represented 54.5%. FGM was accepted by 30% of males compared to 22.2% of females with a significant odds ratio of 1.497 (95% CI = 1.020–2.197). Participants from rural areas (OR = 1.809, 95% CI: 1.232–2.658) and those whose fathers (OR = 2.509, CI = 1.685–3.738) and mothers (OR = 2.422, 95% CI = 1.643–3.571) lacked university education showed significantly higher acceptance of FGM. Medical students cited religion (89.1%) and female chastity (84.5%) as the main reasons for supporting FGM. They rejected the practice primarily due to the risk of serious complications (67.7%) and the belief that it is a harmful social custom (63.4%). A total of 88% of participants reported knowing the long-term consequences of FGM, including psychological trauma (63.2%), reduced sexual pleasure (38.8%), and marital problems (23.2%). Among participants, 48.2% reported that FGM violates the law, 20.9% believed religion supports it, and 15.4% supported its continuation. Conclusion Medical students showed a considerable acceptance of FGM, which was affected by gender, residence, and parental education. Participants had good knowledge about its negative consequences, but they still had a positive attitude towards it. Key messages Egypt has one of the highest global prevalence rates of FGM despite its criminalization in 2008. A significant proportion of cases are performed by healthcare professionals. This study explores the underlying cultural, religious, and social factors that shape the perceptions of future physicians, whose views may directly impact the continuation or prevention of FGM. Results will support targeted awareness campaigns for young healthcare professionals.