article · World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
Melanin is an important biological pigment produced through the conversion of tyrosine by the tyrosinase enzyme. In this study, tyrosinase was purified from the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. EG22 and immobilised onto cellulose-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Characterisation showed that the synthesised nanoparticles had a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 12 nanometres, a negative surface potential, and good dispersion. When evaluated alongside the free enzyme, the immobilised tyrosinase demonstrated peak activity at a temperature of 35 degrees Celsius and a pH of 6, with activity rising alongside higher tyrosine concentrations. Biological testing of the resulting melanin confirmed notable antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the melanin reduced cell survival and triggered apoptosis in initiation cells, indicating prospective therapeutic utility.
Enzymatic production of functional biomaterials like melanin offers cleaner, bio-based alternatives for medicine and manufacturing. Immobilising enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles makes them more stable and easier to handle during production. Demonstrating that the resulting melanin fights drug-resistant bacteria and targets abnormal cells highlights a viable route toward developing new antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
The work shows applied biotechnology potential for pharmaceutical and biomaterial developers seeking sustainable melanin synthesis methods. Potential users include developers of topical treatments, antimicrobial coatings, or cancer therapies targeting resistant pathogens and tumour cells. Based on the abstract, the research is at an early laboratory stage, requiring further testing and process scale-up before real-world commercialisation is feasible.
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Melanin is a brown-black pigment with significant roles in various biological processes. The tyrosinase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to melanin and has promising uses in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. This research aims to purify and immobilize the tyrosinase enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. EG22 using cellulose-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Various techniques were utilized to examine the synthesized nanoparticles, which exhibited a spherical shape with an average diameter of 12 nm and a negative surface potential of - 55.7 mV with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.260. Comparing the immobilized magnetic tyrosinase enzyme with the free enzyme, the study's findings showed that the immobilized tyrosinase enzyme had optimal activity at a pH of 6 and a temperature of 35 °C, and its activity increased as the concentration of tyrosine increased. The study investigated the antibacterial and anticancer bioactivity of the enzyme's melanin product and found that it exhibited potential antibacterial activity against a multi-drug resistant strain including S. aureus and E. coli. The produced melanin also demonstrated the potential to decrease cell survival and induce apoptosis in initiation cells.
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DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03796-w
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