Typhoid Fever Presenting With Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Report of a Rare Case

Abstract

Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi, is a significant infectious disease in endemic regions. Although it primarily affects the gastrointestinal system, systemic complications, including vascular thrombosis, can occur. We present the case of a 47-year-old previously healthy woman who developed diarrhea, vomiting, and headache in the context of fever, complicated by altered consciousness. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed sagittal sinus thrombosis. Blood cultures were negative for Salmonella, but Widal and Felix serologic testing was positive. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics and anticoagulants. S. typhi can, in rare cases, lead to cerebral thrombotic events by inducing a hypercoagulable state through inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. This case highlights the rare association of S. typhi infection with cerebral venous thrombosis, emphasizing the importance of considering this etiology in similar clinical presentations.