Two‐Dimensional Flow and Thermal Energy Transfer in Non‐Newtonian Casson–Carreau Ternary Hybrid Nanofluids Over Stationary and Moving Wedge Surfaces With Radiation and Magnetic Field Effects

Abstract

ABSTRACT Efficient thermal management in advanced industrial systems requires improved heat transfer performance, particularly under non‐Newtonian fluid behavior and complex surface geometries. This study investigates the two‐dimensional flow and heat transfer characteristics of ternary hybrid nanofluids over both stationary and moving wedge surfaces using Casson and Carreau non‐Newtonian fluid models. The mathematical model incorporates magnetic field effects, solar radiation, unsteadiness, and viscosity variations at limiting shear rates. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into dimensionless form of ODEs and then solved numerically using the Chebyshev collocation method implemented in Mathematica 11.3. The results reveal that increasing the magnetic parameter significantly suppresses fluid velocity due to enhanced Lorentz forces, while thermal radiation intensifies the temperature distribution within the boundary layer. The wedge angle and velocity ratio parameters substantially influence shear stress and thermal boundary layer thickness. Furthermore, ternary hybrid nanofluids demonstrate superior thermal performance compared to conventional hybrid nanofluids under identical conditions. These findings provide deeper physical insight into the thermofluidic behavior of advanced nanofluid systems and highlight their potential for enhanced heat transfer applications in solar thermal systems, industrial cooling technologies, and energy conversion devices.