Trends and challenges in waste-to-energy technologies: A bibliometric analysis focused on developing countries

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of global research trends in waste-to-energy (WtE) conversion technologies from 1993 to 2024, with a specific focus on developing countries. Utilizing the PRISMA protocol and the Scopus database, we analyzed the progression and current status of WtE research, revealing a significant annual growth rate of 8.89 % in publications, predominantly led by India, China, and the USA. The low research production in developing countries underscores the necessity for more balanced research funding availability, environmental policy priorities, and regulatory frameworks. The findings indicate a shift in the WtE research landscape towards holistic approaches integrating environmental, economic, and policy dimensions, as evidenced by increasing interdisciplinary studies on circular economy principles, sustainability, and policy frameworks. Additionally, while thermal conversion methods remain dominant, bibliometric trends show growing interest in biological and emerging technologies, with machine learning and GIS playing a role in predictive modeling and implementation optimization. Key findings highlight critical gaps in the literature, particularly in contextualized solutions for developing countries. The study proposes actionable strategies such as policy incentives, international collaboration, and financial mechanisms to facilitate WtE deployment in these nations. Furthermore, integrating decission support systems, and stakeholders' perspectives into WtE implementation is vital. This research serves as a guide for future studies in sustainable waste management, particularly in developing economies, and aims to inform policymakers and stakeholders about the potential of WtE technologies to contribute to energy sustainability and environmental resilience. • Comprehensive analysis of WtE research trends from 1993 to 2024 conducted. • Significant annual growth rate of 8.89 % in WtE publications identified. • Dominance of thermal conversion methods noted, with rising biological interest. • Key gaps in literature highlight need for tailored studies in developing nations. • Actionable strategies proposed for enhancing WtE technology integration.