Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of brief resilience scale among Hausa patients with non-specific chronic low back pain

Abstract

Background: Globally, chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability and resilience plays a significant role as a psychological factor in influencing pain outcomes. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a questionnaire used for the measurement of resilience of a wide range of health conditions, which necessitates its existence and adaptation in different languages. Despite the high prevalence of CLBP among the Hausa speakers, there is no Hausa version of BRS. This study was conducted to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the BRS for Hausa-speaking patients with CLBP. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which Beaton’s et al (2000) guidelines were employed to translate and cross culturally adapt BRS English version into BRF Hausa version. Cognitive debriefing was performed with 10 CLBP patients, and psychometric testing was conducted among 30 patients at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Test–retest reliability and concurrent validity with the English version were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients and the alpha level was set at 0.05. Results: The outcome of this study showed that the BRS Hausa version is a stable and culturally sensitive outcome measure to assess resilience among Hausa speaking population as depicted an excellent test re-test reliability correlation coefficient of 0.983 (p<0.001) and excellent concurrent validity of 0.985 (p<0.001). The unidimensional factor structure was retained, consistent with the original English version. Conclusion: The BRS Hausa version was widely acceptable, reliable and culturally sensitive to assess resilience among Hausa speaking patients. Its strong reliability supports its use in routine clinical practice to identify coping capacity, guide personalized treatment plans, and integrate resilience-building strategies into pain management programs.