Towards an ethical governance framework for artificial intelligence in healthcare in Morocco: Needs analysis and structured proposal

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionising healthcare worldwide, with potential benefits to enhance care. Nevertheless, its application also entails significant ethical issues, in determining algorithmic bias and related discrimination, ensuring privacy protection with respect to personal data management and enforcement. In Morocco, where digitalization of the health system is implemented despite the lack of regulatory provisions, this article suggests appropriate ethical and operational governance. Our approach is based on a comparative analysis between WHO, European Union dimensions and and considers national specificities. We introduce a model built on four interrelated pillars: A) regulatory provision with national ethic committee, B) technical receipt for algorithm validation, C) institutionalisation of clinical practice (including professional training), D) rapid-learning health system after implementation. It is this twin concern for both innovation and protection of the patient that the new vision on AI intends to consider in order to ensure that AI can be at the service of the Moroccan population. The suggested framework offers a useful guidance for policy makers and health care actors and situates Morocco as a responsible player in the process of implementing new medical technologies. It will be brought into effect through a partnership of state process, health care provider participation and civic society involvement.