Therapeutic potential of Ziziphus spina–christi: A natural antiseptic, antioxidant, and anti–inflammatory properties

Abstract

Ziziphus spina–christi, a medicinal plant widely distributed in Algeria and belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, is commonly employed to treat various ailments due to its multiple biological properties. This research sought to assess the biological activities of the hydroethanolic extract of its leaves, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and wound healing properties, in addition to quantifying its bioactive compounds to develop a natural antiseptic solution. In an experimental model with rats, different concentrations of the extract (5, 10, and 15%) were applied and compared with positive (Betaderme), negative (untreated) controls, and an additional control group. Additionally, the xylene– induced edema model was used to assess anti–inflammatory efficacy, administering doses of 250, 400, and 600 mg·kg-1 and comparing its effects with the standard anti–inflammatory NIFLUMENE (250 mg·kg-1). The results showed a high presence of active compounds (FTC: 1.06 ± 0.03 mg QE·g-1; extraction yield: 13.6%), strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀: 0.004 ± 0.004 mg·mL- 1), and significantly accelerated wound healing with the 10% solution (96.25 ± 7.5%), even higher than Betaderme. Furthermore, the dose of 400 mg·kg-1 demonstrated the greatest reduction in inflammation (65.11%). These results demonstrate Ziziphus spina–christi’s medicinal potential as a strong natural antiseptic.