article · Chemistry & Biodiversity
Type 1 diabetes involves insulin deficiency from the loss of pancreatic beta cells, resulting in elevated blood glucose that can cause vascular complications. An evaluation of clove essential oil administered intraperitoneally to diabetic rats demonstrated notable improvements in multiple metabolic and biochemical indicators. The treatment reduced blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, and xanthine oxidase activity. It also lowered lipid peroxides and thiol groups in the liver and brain, while restoring antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activities back to normal levels. Additionally, the oil inhibited alpha-amylase activity, protected red blood cells from hemolysis, and decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the spleen. Together, these outcomes show that clove essential oil modulates key inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress, and metabolic enzymes, suggesting potential utility in mitigating diabetic vascular complications.
Diabetes leads to chronic high blood sugar and damaging oxidative stress that can harm major organs and blood vessels. Identifying natural compounds that simultaneously target metabolic enzymes, reduce inflammation, and neutralise oxidative damage provides valuable avenues for supporting diabetes management and potentially lowering the risk of long-term vascular complications.
The findings point towards potential therapeutic or nutraceutical applications targeting glucose regulation and vascular protection in diabetes management. Pharmaceutical and natural health product developers could explore these properties, but the work is early-stage research conducted in an animal model and requires extensive formulation, safety, and clinical testing before any real-world use is possible.
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Abstract Type 1 diabetes is characterized by insulin deficiency due to the destruction of pancreatic β cells, leading to hyperglycemia, which in turn induces vascular complications. In the current study, we investigated the effect of intraperitoneal administration of clove essential oil (CEO: 20 mg/kg body weight) on certain oxidative stress and glucose metabolism enzymes, as well as the expression of proinflammatory mediators. Administration of CEO to diabetic rats showed a significant decline in blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, and xanthine oxidase, compared to the streptozotocin group. Furthermore, these treated rats elicited a notable attenuation in the levels of lipid peroxides, and thiols groups in both liver and brain tissues. The activities of antioxidant and metabolic enzymes were reverted to normality in diabetic upon CEO administration. In addition to its protective effects on red blood cell hemolysis, CEO is a potent α‐amylase inhibitor with an IC 50 =298.0±2.75 μg/mL. Also, treatment of diabetic rats with CEO significantly reduced the iNOS expression in the spleen. Our data showed that CEO has potential beneficial effects on diabetes, which can possibly prevent the pathogenesis of diabetic micro‐ and macrovascular complications.
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DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202201169
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