Theoretical Optimization of Performance Indicators for the Flat-plate Solar Collector of a Thermosiphon Solar Water Heater

Abstract

Solar energy is currently one of the most promising sources for meeting global energy needs. Hot water production using solar water heaters represents one of the most promising applications of solar energy for countries like Burkina Faso. However, the efficiency of solar system performance indicators remains a challenge, especially during periods of low sunlight. Our work focuses on a numerical study of a flat-plate solar collector designed and tested at the Higher Teacher Training College (ENS) in Burkina Faso, at the Ouagadougou annex site. The objective of our work is to numerically optimize performance indicators such as efficiency and fluid temperature across several key solar collector parameters in order to improve the quality of the solar system applied to domestic hot water production. In this regard, the numerical results obtained indicate that an optimal efficiency value is achieved when the air gap is between 2 cm and 4 cm. Furthermore, a fiberglass insulation thickness of 8 to 15 cm at the rear is sufficient for optimal instantaneous output and maximum water temperature from the collector. Regarding the glass pane, we determined that 4 cm is the optimal value for performance. Additionally, a 1 cm gap between the tubes is necessary to optimize the performance indicators of our solar collector.