The use of cranial electromyography in athletes

Abstract

Cranial electromyography (EMG) is an advanced diagnostic tool that provides valuable insights into the functioning of the stomatognathic system, which includes the jaws, teeth, and related musculature. This review explores the growing application of cranial EMG in sports medicine, particularly in athletes, focusing on its role in assessing neuromuscular balance and identifying underlying issues that may impact performance and overall musculoskeletal health. The stomatognathic system plays a critical role in maintaining postural stability, coordination, and strength, all of which are essential for optimal athletic performance. Imbalances in this system, such as misalignment of the bite or abnormal muscle activity, can lead to dysfunctions that compromise both posture and physical efficiency, potentially increasing the risk of injury. Surface electromyography (sEMG) offers a non-invasive and effective means of evaluating muscle activity, revealing patterns of asymmetry and dysfunction that are often undetected through traditional clinical methods. Through its ability to monitor muscular activity in real-time, cranial EMG aids in diagnosing conditions such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, muscle fatigue, and occlusal imbalances. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool for guiding therapeutic interventions, such as occlusal splints or physical rehabilitation exercises, tailored to an athlete’s specific needs. The integration of cranial EMG with other diagnostic modalities and the development of portable EMG devices hold promise for expanding its accessibility and enhancing its role in both clinical and athletic settings. Overall, cranial EMG represents a promising avenue for optimizing athletic performance, reducing injury risk, and promoting long-term health and recovery.