article · Desalination and Water Treatment
Catalysts enhance the performance of activated carbon and other adsorbent materials used to eliminate dye pollutants from industrial wastewater without being consumed in the process. While activated carbon and composite activated carbon offer low-cost and efficient dye adsorption, dealing with residual waste after treatment remains difficult. Advanced oxidation processes address this limitation by completely degrading organic pollutants into water and carbon dioxide. Combining catalysts with adsorbents, such as through advanced heterogeneous catalysis, catalytic activated carbon, photocatalytic adsorbents, and catalyst-biomass composites, creates cost-efficient and environmentally friendly treatment options. Further investigation into material affinities within hybrid systems could facilitate adjustments for emerging contaminants, alongside studies on how different catalytic materials influence pollutant degradation rates.
Industrial wastewater containing synthetic dyes poses severe ecological risks if discharged without proper treatment. While conventional carbon adsorption captures dyes effectively, it produces contaminated solid waste requiring secondary disposal. Combining catalytic advanced oxidation with adsorption processes provides an eco-friendly alternative that completely breaks down hazardous organic compounds into harmless water and carbon dioxide, significantly reducing secondary pollution in water management.
This work highlights applications in industrial wastewater treatment, particularly for textile and dye-producing facilities seeking to clean their effluent. Technology developers could leverage catalytic activated carbon and catalyst-biomass composites to build lower-cost, reusable filtration systems. Because this is a review surveying existing laboratory approaches and hybrid formulations rather than presenting a validated prototype, the technology remains at an early research and development stage requiring further optimisation of material affinities and degradation rates.
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Catalysts are very prominent in modifying activated carbon and other materials used in water purification such as removing contaminants in industrial effluent. A catalyst is described as a substance that when incorporated into an absorbent or base material enhances the properties and at the same time remains unconsumed in the process. Hence, this paper focused on the role of catalyst in dye adsorption techniques designed to remove dye pollutants from its effluent. The adsorption method of dyes particularly on activated carbon (AC) or the composite AC type is inexpensive, however, in terms of its productivity combined with the solid supports it is one of the easiest and most efficient approaches for eliminating dyes from effluent water. However, eliminating the remains after treatment procedures becomes a huge challenge. Therefore, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are extensively recognized as successful developments for treating dye-adulterated water owing to its absolute degradation of organic compounds to form water and carbon (IV)oxide. Amongst numerous AOPs, advanced heterogeneous catalysis, advanced catalytic activated carbon, advanced photocatalytic adsorbent, advanced catalytic oxidation process, and composite of the catalyst with biomass for dye removal were investigated and discussed in this review work. They were found to be spellbound with significant attention for their cost efficiency, and ecological friendliness. Studies of the affinity of each material in the hybrid system could be carried out to enable ease of modification for new contaminants. The effect of the material on the degradation rate could be studied also. • Advanced oxidation processes with their effects on adsorption performance are investigated. • The potency of catalysts on various adsorbents for dye wastewater treatment and their environmental impact was assessed. • Benefits drawbacks, and future of homogenous and heterogenous catalysts in advanced photocatalytic methods were reviewed
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DOI: 10.1016/j.dwt.2024.100780
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