review · Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry
Plants belonging to the genus Salsola are widely distributed across temperate regions and constitute roughly 45 percent of desert vegetation. These plants have historically served various traditional, environmental, and industrial roles, including customary use as anti-inflammatory agents, immunostimulants, and treatments for high blood pressure. Chemical investigations show that the genus is rich in diverse secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, cardenolides, isoflavonoids, and phenolic acids. Research has associated these compounds with a broad spectrum of documented biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, analgesic, and contraceptive properties. Despite botanical complexities and taxonomic reclassifications within the genus, this synthesis outlines the existing phytochemical and pharmacological evidence across Old World species to inform ongoing and future scientific investigations.
Desert plants often possess unique chemical defences to survive harsh environments. Documenting the natural compounds within Salsola helps scientists map out potentially valuable biological properties, ranging from anti-inflammatory to antimicrobial effects. Bringing together these findings clarifies historical medicinal uses and assists researchers navigating the complex botanical classifications of these plants.
The identified pharmacological properties could inform early-stage discovery programmes for pharmaceutical and healthcare products targeting inflammation, microbial infections, or metabolic conditions. However, the work represents early-stage secondary research consolidating existing laboratory and traditional knowledge, meaning any practical drug development remains far from market application.
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<i>Salsola</i> is an important genus in the plant kingdom with diverse traditional, industrial, and environmental applications. <i>Salsola</i> species are widely distributed in temperate regions and represent about 45% of desert plants. They are a rich source of diverse phytochemical classes, such as alkaloids, cardenolides, triterpenoids, coumarins, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and phenolic acids. <i>Salsola</i> spp. were traditionally used as antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulants. They attracted great interest from researchers as several pharmacological activities were reported, including analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, contraceptive, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial activities. Genus <i>Salsola</i> is one of the most notorious plant genera from the taxonomical point of view. Our study represents a comprehensive review of the previous phytochemical and biological research on the old world <i>Salsola</i> secies. It is designed to be a guide for future research on different plant species that still belong to this genus or have been transferred to other genera.
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DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2102005
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