The interrelationship between abnormal vaginal discharge, genital hygiene practices, and sexual behaviours among women of reproductive age in Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Abnormal vaginal discharge (AVD) is a common condition in women, often linked to infections and reproductive health complications. This study investigates the prevalence of AVD among women in Ibadan, Nigeria, and assesses its relationship with genital hygiene practices, and sexual behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 366 women aged 18-49 using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression models in statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 25.0. Results: The prevalence of AVD was 42.1%, with 59.2% of affected women not seeking medical care due to financial constraints, stigma, or misconceptions. Poor genital hygiene (r=0.278, p=0.002) and risky sexual behaviours (r=-0.327, p=0.000) significantly increased AVD occurrence. Most women (90.2%) used water for genital cleaning, while 21.3% used soap and 16% relied on specialized hygiene products. Additionally, 41% of women used contraception, but only 27.1% used it consistently. Cultural influences such as: taboo, limited access to hygiene education, use of traditional herbs (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.02–3.51, p=0.042) also played a significant role in hygiene practices. Almost a quarter, 23.2%, of participants reported that AVD negatively affected their intimate relationships. Conclusions: The findings underscore the necessity for public health initiatives that enhance genital hygiene education, promote safer sexual practices, and improve access to healthcare services. Addressing cultural and societal barriers such as stigma and religious norms is crucial to improving reproductive health outcomes and reducing complications associated with abnormal vaginal discharge among women in Ibadan.