The Influence of Personal Listening Devices on Hearing in Egyptian University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Improper use of personal listening devices (PLDs) is associated with an increased risk of hearing loss. The purpose is to investigate the use of PLDs among university students and their impact on hearing. Methodology: A study involved 310 University students, surveyed on their PLDs habits. They shared their daily PLD use, volume level, and duration of use. Participants also discussed PLD-related hearing issues and other risk factors for hearing loss. Screening used the Five-minute hearing test (FMHT) and the “Hear WHO” app. Positive cases in both tests received diagnostic pure-tone audiometry (PTA). Results: About 70% used in-earpiece PLDs for studying, 53% used them for over 5 years. Also 83% used PLDs for over 60 mins daily, and 72% used them above volume level 6. Most (74%) were low-risk users. 10.6% tested positive for hearing loss in both screenings, with 1.6% confirmed by PTA. A shift in the 4 kHz average hearing threshold was noted. Tinnitus was reported by 49%, and ear pain by 42% of students. Higher risk PLD use predicted tinnitus, ear pain and excessive ear wax in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: Students' high-volume PLD use is linked to auditory problems like tinnitus and ear pain. Regular hearing screenings are recommended.