The Influence of Gender and Academic Specialization on the Physical and Anthropometric Traits of Cameroonian Students in Sports Programs

Abstract

Understanding the physical and anthropometric profiles of students in sciences and techniques of physical and sports activities (STPSA) programs is crucial for developing effective training strategies. This study aimed to examine the impact of gender and academic specialization on the physical fitness and body composition of 136 Cameroonian STPSA students (98 males, 38 females) aged 18 to 25. Various parameters were assessed, including anthropometric measurements (height, weight, body mass index), body composition (fat percentage, muscle mass), hemodynamic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate), and physical fitness tests (upper body, leg, and trunk strength, as well as aerobic endurance). Results showed no significant differences in height and weight across academic levels, suggesting that these traits stabilize before university. However, significant gender differences were found, with males being taller and heavier than females (p<0.001). Females also had higher body fat percentages and lower muscle mass compared to males (p<0.001). Regarding hemodynamic, level 3 students exhibited significantly higher diastolic blood pressure than those in levels 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Gender differences were also significant, with females showing lower systolic blood pressure and higher resting heart rates than males (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). In physical performance, no significant differences were found based on academic level, but females demonstrated lower endurance in upper and lower limbs, and reduced trunk strength compared to males (p<0.01 - p<0.001). Additionally, female students had significantly lower aerobic endurance (p<0.05). These results highlight the importance of gender-specific interventions in STPSA programs. While academic level did not significantly affect physical fitness, gender differences in body composition and performance suggest that tailored training programs are needed to improve overall fitness outcomes for female students.