The Impact of Alternative Fuels on the Performance and Emissions of Petrol Engines: A Review

Abstract

Recently, the combustion of fuel has emerged as a significant global concern. Numerous studies have highlighted the various emissions produced by different fuels. Due to the harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases emitted by fossil fuels, there has been a shift towards renewable and alternative energy sources to mitigate these adverse environmental impacts. This overview presents an in-depth analysis of current alternative fuels utilized in spark ignition (SI) engines, particularly examining the differences in performance and emissions associated with the use of hydrogen-enriched natural gas (HCNG), compressed natural gas (CNG), and ethanol as substitutes for traditional fuels. Various engine types, configurations, and operational conditions are presented to evaluate the suitability and impact of these fuels on engine performance and emission profiles. This review is intended to function as a comprehensive resource guide for future research directions, development of engine technologies, and formulation of policies related to the adoption of cleaner fuel alternatives in the internal combustion engine (ICE) sector. Biofuels show potential, but it needs to be sustainable to avoid impacting food resources as the push for greener energy continues.