The Exploitation of pH-Responsive Eudragit-Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanostructures in the Repurposing of Terbinafine Hydrochloride for Targeted Colon Cancer Inhibition: Design Optimization, In Vitro Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Assessment

Abstract

Targeted drug delivery is achieving great success in cancer therapy due to its potential to deliver drugs directly to the action site. Terbinafine hydrochloride (TER) is a broad-spectrum anti-fungal drug that has been found to have some potential anti-tumor effects in the treatment of colon cancer. We aimed here to design and develop pH-sensitive Eudragit (Eud)-coated mesoporous silica nanostructures (MSNs) to control drug release in response to changes in pH. The diffusion-supported loading (DiSupLo) technique was applied for loading TER into the MSNs. The formulation was optimized by a D-optimal design, which permits the concurrent assessment of the influence of drug/MSN%, coat concentration, and MSN type on the drug entrapment efficiency (EE) and its release performance. The optimal formula displayed a high EE of 96.49%, minimizing the release in pH 1.2 to 16.15% and maximizing the release in pH 7.4 to 78.09%. The cytotoxicity of the optimal formula on the colon cancer cells HT-29 was higher than it was with TER alone by 2.8-fold. Apoptosis in cancer cells exposed to the optimum formula was boosted as compared to what it was with the plain TER by 1.2-fold and it was more efficient in arresting cells during the G0/G1 and S stages of the cell cycle. Accordingly, the repurposing of TER utilizing Eud/MSNs is a promising technique for targeted colon cancer therapy.