article · Aquaculture International
Adding commercial Bacillus probiotics directly to rearing water enhances the health, growth, and disease resistance of whiteleg shrimp. In an eight-week trial, water supplemented with Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis at varying concentrations improved overall pond water quality by raising dissolved oxygen levels and lowering harmful total ammonia, unionised ammonia, and nitrite. The treated shrimp showed marked increases in digestive enzyme activity, including protease, amylase, and lipase, which accompanied enhanced growth performance. Furthermore, the probiotic treatment strengthened the shrimp's antioxidant defences and innate immune markers, such as lysozyme and total haemocyte counts, whilst lowering oxidative stress markers. When challenged with Fusarium solani infection, shrimp in the highest probiotic dosage group experienced a reduction in mortality to 35 percent, compared to 100 percent mortality in untreated controls. The most pronounced benefits occurred at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.03 grams per cubic metre.
Fungal infections and poor water quality cause significant losses in commercial shrimp farming. By demonstrating that simple water treatments with beneficial bacteria improve environmental conditions, boost digestive capacity, and substantially reduce mortality from fungal pathogens, this research offers a practical management strategy to improve shrimp welfare and yield without relying on chemical treatments.
The tested probiotic is an existing commercial product evaluated at defined dosages in concrete ponds, indicating near-market or readily applied utility for shrimp aquaculture operators. Hatcheries and commercial shrimp farm managers could immediately test or adopt these dosing regimens to mitigate water fouling and fungal disease risks, particularly Fusarium solani outbreaks.
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Abstract This study investigated the impacts of water application of a commercial Bacillus species probiotics, SANOLIFE®PRO-W (containing Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis ), on water quality, digestive enzymes, growth performance, antioxidants, innate immunity, body composition, and resistance of whiteleg shrimp against Fusarium solani infection. A total of 240 animals (2.00 ± 0.07 g) were stocked into twelve 1-m 3 concrete ponds and divided into four triplicate treatments. For 56 days, the rearing water was supplemented with Bacillus species probiotic at 0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 g/m 3 and defined as control, T1, T2, and T3 groups, respectively. Results revealed that Bacillus species probiotics increased dissolved oxygen and decreased total ammonia, nitrite, and unionized ammonia in the rearing ponds. However, adding probiotic Bacillus to rearing water significantly increased the digestive enzyme (chymotrypsin, trypsin, protease, lipase, and amylase) and growth performance parameters compared to the control. On the other hand, the antioxidant levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were increased significantly, while the malondialdehyde concentrations were decreased significantly compared to the control. Furthermore, Bacillus probiotics boosted the innate immunity of shrimp manifested by increased activities of lysozyme, prophenoloxidase, respiratory burst, and the total hemocyte count compared with the control treatment. Of interest, shrimp mortalities decreased after F. solani infection to 35% in the T3 group compared to 100% in the control group. In conclusion, water application of Bacillus species probiotics, especially at 0.02 and 0.03 g/m 3 , improved the water quality, welfare, and resistance of whiteleg shrimp to F. solani infection.
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DOI: 10.1007/s10499-023-01136-1
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