The Effects of Artificial Intelligence on the Future of Employment: Looking for a Trend from a Literature Review

Abstract

Each new wave of technological progress sparks debates about the effects of automation on the future of employment. Current debates on artificial intelligence (AI) and employment are reminiscent of those raised by mechanization in the 19th century, the generalization of electricity, and the introduction of computers in the 20th century: some consider new technologies as a way to relieve workers of the most challenging tasks, and others are alarmed by the imminent threat to employment. This article aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the potential changes that may arise from the recent emergence of Generative AI in job markets. It is based on a historical analysis of technological revolutions and a literature review of technology’s impact on employment. The purpose of this study is not to gather general statistics but rather to analyze potential changes and help design suitable policy responses. This analysis will also consider the possible impact on job quality. The study emphasizes the potential implications for various professional categories but does not predetermine the outcomes of technological transition. The decision to incorporate such technologies is driven by humans, and it is their responsibility to guide the transition process.