Technical Challenges in Green Hydrogen Production

Abstract

Green hydrogen, generated through the electrolysis of water from renewable energies, is seen as an essential energy component in the transition to a low-carbon economy. However, its large-scale manufacture faces a number of significant technical challenges. In this chapter, we examine these challenges, focusing on four key aspects. Firstly, it is necessary to improve the energy efficiency of current processes in order to minimize energy losses throughout the production chain. Secondly, the interruption of renewable energy sources poses a challenge, requiring energy storage and management solutions to ensure continuous hydrogen production. In addition, manufacturing costs remain high compared with grey hydrogen, making it essential to develop more competitive and cost-effective technologies. Finally, the lack of adequate infrastructure for transporting and storing hydrogen represents another brake on its large-scale use.