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article · European Journal of Education and Pedagogy

Systematic Review of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Language Education: A Balanced Perspective

202336 citationsOpen accessIbn Tofail University

In plain language

Communicative language teaching focuses on fostering practical communication and meaningful language use. Evidence from past research indicates that this instructional approach brings several key benefits, including the development of communicative competence, language proficiency, cultural awareness, learner autonomy, and problem-solving abilities. However, the methodology also attracts significant scholarly critique. Reported limitations include an overemphasis on fluency at the expense of accuracy, as well as a lack of explicit instruction in grammar and vocabulary. Furthermore, the approach can leave students underprepared for formal writing and standardised examinations, whilst failing to address individual learner differences adequately. Reviewing both the documented achievements and the structural drawbacks provides educators with a comprehensive perspective to inform the design of balanced language curricula.

Key takeaways

  • Communicative language teaching improves communicative competence, cultural awareness, autonomy, and critical thinking skills.
  • The approach is frequently criticised for prioritising spoken fluency over grammatical accuracy and explicit vocabulary instruction.
  • Students taught via this method may experience inadequate preparation for formal writing tasks and standardised examinations.
  • The framework often overlooks the varied requirements of individual learners.
  • Weighing the merits and criticisms assists educators in establishing more balanced language teaching practices.

Why it matters

Language instruction techniques shape how effectively learners function in multilingual and professional environments. While practical interaction encourages conversational confidence and autonomy, neglecting foundational grammar can disadvantage students in formal testing and professional writing. Recognising the trade-offs between fluency and accuracy helps teachers build curricula that prepare students for both casual communication and academic demands.

Commercialisation angle

The abstract does not indicate an application pathway or commercial readiness level, focusing instead on pedagogical insights for classroom teachers.

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Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive review of communicative language teaching (CLT) in language education, considering both the positive impact of the approach and the criticisms raised by scholars. CLT has garnered significant attention in language education due to its emphasis on promoting effective communication and meaningful language use. This systematic review presents an impartial and well-rounded analysis of the pros and cons of CLT, citing previous studies in the literature review. It highlights the positive results of past research, demonstrating how CLT can enhance students’ communicative competence, language proficiency, cultural awareness, learner autonomy, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. However, other studies have criticized CLT, raising concerns about its lack of explicit grammar and vocabulary instruction, insufficient preparation for formal writing, standardized exams, insufficient attention to individual learner differences, and emphasis on fluency over accuracy. By presenting both perspectives, this article aims to provide educators with a balanced understanding of CLT’s potential strengths and limitations, guiding them in designing effective language teaching practices.

Research topics

  • EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
  • Second Language Learning and Teaching
  • Interpreting and Communication in Healthcare

Sustainable Development Goals

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DOI: 10.24018/ejedu.2023.4.6.763

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