article · BMC Chemistry
Four new binary heterocyclic pyrimidinone compounds were synthesised using a Suzuki coupling reaction to protect carbon steel from corrosion in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid across temperatures ranging from 30 to 50 degrees Celsius. Evaluation through weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and potentiodynamic polarisation showed that corrosion inhibition efficiency rose with increased inhibitor concentration. The compounds, designated HM-1221, HM-1222, HM-1223, and HM-1224, achieved peak inhibition efficiencies between 89.3 percent and 92.9 percent at a concentration of 11 micromolar and a temperature of 298 Kelvin, with HM-1223 displaying the highest performance. Adsorption onto the carbon steel surface followed the Langmuir isotherm model, operating as mixed-type inhibitors. Surface characterisation using electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy confirmed surface protection, aligning with theoretical density functional theory calculations.
Carbon steel is widely used in industrial settings where acidic solutions cause severe material degradation. Identifying effective chemical inhibitors helps extend equipment life and reduces maintenance overheads. Demonstrating that these newly synthesised pyrimidinone molecules deliver high protective performance at micromolar concentrations provides a clear chemical basis for mitigating acid corrosion in steel infrastructure.
The findings could benefit industries handling acidic cleaning or processing of carbon steel, such as manufacturing or chemical processing plants. However, the work represents early-stage laboratory research focused on small-scale synthesis, electrochemistry, and surface characterisation. Significant additional development, including testing under dynamic industrial flow conditions, formulation stability assessments, and cost-effective scaling, would be necessary before these compounds could be deployed as commercial anti-corrosion additives.
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Abstract In this study, synthesis and assessment of the corrosion inhibition of four new binary heterocyclic pyrimidinones on CS in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solutions at various temperatures (30–50 °C) were investigated. The synthesized molecules were designed and synthesized through Suzuki coupling reaction, the products were identified as 5-((5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1 H ,3 H ,5 H )-trione ( HM-1221 ), 2-thioxo-5-((5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1 H ,5 H )-dione ( HM-1222 ), 1,3-diethyl-2-thioxo-5-((5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1 H ,5 H )-dione ( HM-1223 ) and 1,3-dimethyl-5-((5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)furan-2-yl)methylene)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1 H ,3 H ,5 H )-trione ( HM-1224 ). The experiments include weight loss measurements (WL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). From the measurements, it can be shown that the inhibition efficiency ( η ) of these organic derivatives increases with increasing the doses of inhibitors. The highest η recorded from EIS technique were 89.3%, 90.0%, 92.9% and 89.7% at a concentration of 11 × 10 −6 M and 298 K for HM-1221 , HM-1222 , HM-1223 , and HM-1224 , respectively. The adsorption of the considered derivatives fit to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Since the Δ G o ads values were found to be between − 20.1 and − 26.1 kJ mol −1 , the analyzed isotherm plots demonstrated that the adsorption process for these derivatives on CS surface is a mixed-type inhibitors. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscope (AFM) and Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were utilized to study the surface morphology, whereby, quantum chemical analysis can support the mechanism of inhibition. DFT data and experimental findings were found in consistent agreement. Graphical Abstract
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DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01280-6
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