Synthesis, Nanoformulations, and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of N-Substituted Side Chain Neocryptolepine Scaffolds

Abstract

The naturally occurring neocryptolepine (5-Methylindolo [2,3-<i>b</i>]quinoline) and its analogs exhibited prominent anticancer and antimalarial activity. However, the main problem of this class of compounds is their poor aqueous solubility, hampering their bioavailability and preventing their clinical development. To overcome the problem of insolubility and to improve the physicochemical and the pharmacological properties of 5-Methylindolo [2,3-<i>b</i>]quinoline compounds, this work was designed to encapsulate such efficient medical compounds into mesoporous silica oxide nanoemulsion (SiO₂NPs). Thus, in this study, SiO₂NPs was loaded with three different concentrations (0.2 g, 0.3, and 0.6 g) of <b>7b</b> (denoted as NPA). The findings illustrated that the nanoparticles were formed with a spherical shape and exhibited small size (less than 500 nm) using a high concentration of the synthesized chemical compound (NPA, 0.6 g) and good stabilization against agglomeration (more than -30 mv). In addition, NPA-loaded SiO₂NPs had no phase separation as observed by our naked eyes even after 30 days. The findings also revealed that the fabricated SiO₂NPs could sustain the release of NPA at two different pH levels, 4.5 and 7.4. Additionally, the cell viability of the produced nanoemulsion system loaded with different concentrations of NPA was greater than SiO₂NPs without loading, affirming that NPA had a positive impact on increasing the safety and cell viability of the whole nanoemulsion. Based on these obtained promising data, it can be considered that the prepared NPA-loaded SiO₂NPs seem to have the potential for use as an effective anticancer drug nanosystem.