article · Scientific Reports
New cellulose carbamate and cellulose acetate carbamate polymers were synthesised using an addition reaction between isocyanates and alcohols. To enhance stability and hydrophobicity, a telomerisation technique was applied to graft these molecules firmly onto cellulose and cellulose acetate chains. The structural and thermal properties of the newly formed materials were verified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Solubility testing demonstrated that the carbamate derivatives possess superior solubility when compared to unmodified cellulose. Furthermore, biodegradation assessments revealed varying rates of breakdown across the tested formulations, with specific derivatives designated as Cell-P 1 and CA-P 1 showing greater biodegradability than the alternatives. The resulting polymers display functional properties suitable for environmentally friendly industrial uses.
Conventional plastics pose persistent environmental problems, driving demand for degradable alternatives derived from natural sources. By chemically modifying cellulose to improve its solubility and hydrophobicity while retaining biodegradability, this work demonstrates how renewable polymers can be tailored for practical performance. Such materials offer pathways toward reducing synthetic waste and expanding sustainable options for industrial chemistry.
The abstract highlights potential applications in eco-friendly food packaging and broader sustainable manufacturing sectors requiring green chemistry alternatives. Primary users would include packaging manufacturers and industrial material developers seeking biodegradable polymer substitutes. Because the findings are based on laboratory synthesis, structural characterisation, and biodegradation testing, the technology is at an early experimental stage and requires further scale-up and performance evaluation before commercial adoption.
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Abstract New cellulose carbamates and cellulose acetate carbamates were prepared by classical addition reaction of isocyanates with alcohols. A Telomerization technique was used to make the grafted molecules strongly anchored and more hydrophobic. These molecules were grafted into cellulose and CA chains, respectively. The structures of the synthesized derivatives were confirmed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared and Thermogravimetric Analysis, and their solubility phenomenon was also established, and the carbamate derivatives showed better solubility compared to cellulose. Their ability to biodegrade was investigated, and it was concluded that Cell-P 1 and CA-P 1 derivatives are more biodegradable than the other samples. These results suggest that the resulting compounds can be used effectively in many useful industrial fields, for instance, eco-friendly food packaging, domains that use materials that are environmentally friendly and sustainable and the development of green chemistry.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28298-5
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