Synthesis and characterization of ZnO–NiO binary nanocomposites by hydrothermal technique for gas sensing and photocatalytic applications

Abstract

Inorganic photocatalytic materials exhibiting a highly efficient response to ultraviolet-visible light spectrum have become a subject of widespread global interest. Nanocomposite metal oxides, particularly Nickel Oxide (NiO) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO), have gained attention for their diverse applications in gas sensing and photocatalytic processes. In this work, ZnO-NiO (ZnO 0.6 NiO 0.4 and ZnO 0.4 NiO 0.6 ) binary nanocomposites were synthesized by hydrothermal technique. The binary nanocomposites were analyzed by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD pattern revealed that the nanocomposites, the peaks of both ZnO and NiO are present indicating the presence of both crystal structures hexagonal wurtzite and cubic. The miller indices, crystallite size, microstrain and dislocation density were determined from the XRD plot. FESEM and TEM analyses showed the spherical morphology of the synthesized composites with an approximate size of 10[Formula: see text]nm. The detailed analysis of ZnO–NiO binary nanocomposite sensor characteristics in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, response and recovery time were carried out and the nanocomposites were found to be highly sensitive to CO 2 100 ppm at 350 ∘ C and Cl 2 at 200 ∘ C. The photocatalytic degradation outcome showed 52% degradation of methylene blue at 10 ppm and 90[Formula: see text]w/m 2 . These results suggest the potential utility of these binary nanocomposites in photocatalytic applications for the degradation of organic pollutants.