article · American Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
This research investigated how temperature affects the properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials, which were synthesised using a sol-gel method. The process involved preparing a gel solution from titanium tetrachloride, drying it, and then calcining it at different temperatures: 250°C, 400°C, and 600°C. Various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used for characterisation. The study found that increasing the calcination temperature led to larger TiO2 particles, ranging from approximately 9 nm to 36 nm. The materials exhibited high crystallinity and purity, with a calculated band gap energy of 3.54 eV. Chlorine content was observed to decrease with higher calcination temperatures.
Understanding how synthesis parameters, such as temperature, influence the properties of nanomaterials like TiO2 is crucial. This knowledge allows for the precise control of particle size and composition, which are key factors in determining their performance in various potential applications, from catalysis to energy technologies.
This research focuses on the fundamental synthesis and characterisation of TiO2 nanomaterials and does not indicate an application pathway, potential users, or a readiness level for commercialisation. The abstract describes early-stage materials science research.
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This paper reports the effect of temperature on the properties of TiO_2 nanomaterials, synthesis and characterization. TiO2 powders were synthesized by sol-gel method using TiCl4 solution added in deionized water in ice bath under fume hood followed by the addition of ethanol with vigorous stirring for 30 min at room temperature. The gel solution was obtained and then got dried using oven at 200oC for 4 hours. Then, the dried gel was calcinated at 250oC, 400oC and 600oC using furnace for 4 hours each. The synthesized TiO2 nanomaterials were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). XRD shows the particles size with high crystallinity and purity which is in good agreement with the TEM result. The particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanomaterial at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were 9.22 nm, 14.33 nm and 36.72 nm respectively calculated from XRD result. The absorption edge for TiO2 nanomaterials synthesized by sol gel synthesis method was found to be 350 nm and the corresponding calculated band gap energy was 3.54 eV. The average particles size of the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder investigated from TEM using histograms at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC were found (8.55 ± 0.25) nm, (13.82 ± 0.41) nm and (36.06 ± 2.03) nm respectively. The polygonal structure of TiO2 nanomaterials were studied by scanning electron microscope. The EDS result showed that at calcination temperatures of 250oC, 400oC and 600oC, the concentrations of titanium were 33.34%, 32.6% and 31.89%, and the concentrations of chlorine were 2.64%, 0% and 0%, and the concentrations of oxygen were 64.02%, 67.4% and 68.11% in the synthesized TiO2 nanopowder respectively which is qualitatively confirmed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy results.
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DOI: 10.11648/j.nano.20140201.11
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