article · Scientific Reports
Microbial infections and cancer present severe ongoing pressures on healthcare worldwide. To address these threats, a novel nanocomposite combining Gum Arabic, silver, and copper oxide was developed. Gum Arabic filtrate provided active functional groups that served as reducing, stabilising, and capping agents. Structural assessments revealed crystalline, face-centred cubic particles with an average diameter of 25.53 nanometres. In laboratory tests, the composite demonstrated safety toward normal human cells while exhibiting significant biological activity against harmful targets. It effectively inhibited bacterial strains including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Salmonella typhimurium. It also showed notable antifungal properties against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Furthermore, the material exhibited anticancer activity against breast and liver cancer cell lines.
Rising rates of cancer and microbial infections require new, multifunctional therapeutic options. Developing single nanomaterials that can combat both bacterial and fungal pathogens while concurrently targeting cancerous cells could expand the medical toolkit. Demonstrating high activity against disease targets alongside low toxicity to normal cells is an essential step towards creating safer, more effective treatments.
The nanocomposite shows potential utility for pharmaceutical and medical biotechnology developers working on dual-action antimicrobial and oncology treatments. However, this work remains early-stage laboratory research evaluated strictly in vitro. Substantial further testing, including comprehensive in vivo toxicity, formulation development, and pre-clinical evaluations, will be required before any commercial or clinical translation can be pursued.
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Cancer and microbial infections place a significant burden on the world’s health systems and can increase the rate of disease and mortality. In the current study, a novel nanocomposite based on Gum Arabic, silver and copper oxide nanoparticles (GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite) was synthesized to overcome the problem of microbial infection and in cancer treatment. Characterization using UV-Vis. spectrophotometer reveals that, the observed peak in the spectrum was formed by the observed O.D. at 0.755, and confirmed that the produced GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite was small and discernible at 360 nm. The particles’ diameters varied from 9.5 nm to 49.5 nm, with a mean diameter of 25.53 ± 1.4 nm. The created Gum Arabic filtrate was rich in active functional groups, and the provided polydisperse NPs were intended to reduce, stabilize, and the produced filtrate act as capping agents. Based on the XRD data, the synthesized GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite was crystallized and had a face-centered (fcc) crystal structure. Biosafety of GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite was assessed toward Wi 38 normal cell line, where it showed safety toward the tested cell line where IC50 was 154.2 µg/mL. Antimicrobial results confirmed that, GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite has antibacterial activity with MICs 15.6, 125, 31.25 and 125 µg/mL against S. epidermis, S. aureus, L. plantrum, and S. typhimurium, respectively. Likewise, it showed antifungal activity toward C. albicans and C. neoformans with MICs 62.5 and 15.62 µg/ml, respectively. Moreover, GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite displayed promising anticancer activity with IC50 26.11 and 59.5 µg/ml toward MCF-7 and Hep-G2, respectively. In conclusion, the novel GA@Ag-CuO nanocomposite demonstrated promising antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-76446-2
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