article · Carbon Trends
This research describes the synthesis and characterisation of graphene oxide (GO) for removing lead ions from water. GO was prepared using Hummer's method and analysed for its structural, morphological, and thermal properties. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed hydroxyl, carboxyl, and ester groups on the GO structure. X-ray diffraction showed an increased interlayer spacing compared to graphite, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed an exfoliated, wrinkled morphology with stacked layers. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated three distinct degradation steps for GO. When tested for lead ion removal, GO achieved a maximum adsorption of 98.1% for a 600 ppm lead ion solution. The adsorption process was consistent with the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting a multilayer, heterogeneous, and predominantly chemical adsorption mechanism.
Lead contamination in water poses significant health and environmental risks. This research offers a promising method using graphene oxide to effectively remove lead ions, contributing to the development of advanced water purification technologies. Such solutions are vital for safeguarding public health and protecting ecosystems from heavy metal pollution.
This research presents an early-stage development of graphene oxide as an adsorbent for lead ion removal from water. The technology could potentially be integrated into water treatment systems for industrial or municipal applications. Further development would be needed to scale up production and test its efficacy in real-world, complex water matrices, moving it towards practical use in environmental remediation.
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The synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide (GO) for water related applications has become an increasing area of research. GO was prepared via Hummer's method, and analysed for structure, morphology, thermal stability, and the ability to remove heavy lead ions from solution. In FTIR analyses, hydroxyl, carboxyl and ester groups were found to be on the structure of GO. XRD showed the interlayer spacing to have increased from graphite to graphene oxide, whereby the average crystallite size of GO was 16.13. Then SEM confirmed the morphology of GO to be exfoliated and wrinkled, with stacked layers. In TGA, EG degraded in a single step, while GO degraded in three distinct steps. When using AAS to analyse the Pb (II) ion intake properties of GO, it showed a maximum adsorption of 98.1 % for 600 ppm lead ion solution. The Freundlich isotherm model was consistent with this adsorption, meaning that adsorption took place on a heterogenous surface, on a multilayer basis. The value of n for this isotherm was 0.1474, implying a dominant chemical adsorption. A significant contribution was done to the structure of GO, with its metal adsorption properties clearly portrayed.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.cartre.2024.100339
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