article · Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment
Silver nanoparticles were biologically synthesised using extract from the seaweed Codium capitatum, while chitosan nanoparticles were produced from the fungus Aspergillus niger. Combining these materials produced hybrid nanoconjugates with an average diameter of 79.6 nanometres, compared with 37.2 nanometres for the silver nanoparticles and 68.4 nanometres for the fungal chitosan nanoparticles. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the chemical interaction and cross-linkage between the two components. Laboratory assays demonstrated that all three nanoparticle types inhibited drug-resistant strains of Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus, with the hybrid conjugates exhibiting the strongest antibacterial activity. Microscopic examination of Salmonella Typhimurium revealed severe structural disruption and lethal cell wall damage within eight hours of exposure to the hybrid nanoparticles. These combined nanocomposites demonstrate elevated bioactivity against challenging bacterial strains.
Bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics is an escalating global health concern that complicates standard medical treatments. Developing alternative antimicrobial agents derived from sustainable biological sources, such as algae and fungal by-products, offers a viable strategy against persistent pathogens. These biologically synthesised nanoconjugates destroy resistant bacterial cells via physical disruption, providing an alternative mechanism that could help control dangerous bacterial infections.
The work represents early-stage laboratory research with direct relevance to developers of topical biomedical treatments. The nanoconjugates could eventually be integrated into wound dressings, gels, or topical ointments to combat drug-resistant surface infections. Target users include biomedical researchers and pharmaceutical developers. However, the technology is at an exploratory stage, requiring in vivo safety profiling, stability testing, and formulation development before commercial translation is feasible.
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Here we report the phycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), using Codium capitatum extract, and the synthesis of fungal chitosan nanoparticles (FC-NPs), using extracted chitosan from Aspergillus niger mycelia. Then nanoconjugates from FC/Ag-NPs were produced and evaluated. The synthesized NPs had mean particles’ size diameters of 37.2, 68.4 and 79.6 nm for Ag-NPs, FC-NPs and FC/Ag-NPs, respectively. The FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis of synthesized NPs indicated their cross-linkage and interaction. The antibacterial activity of each type of NPs was assayed against drug resistant pathogens of Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. All NPs had powerful inhibitory effect and FC/Ag nanoconjugates had stronger activity than the other types. Scanning micrographs of FC/Ag-NPs treated S. Typhimurium elucidated vigorous alterations in cell surfaces and lethal damage to bacterial structure after 8 h of treatment. The nanoconjugates form FC-NPs and Ag-NPs had minute particle size with increasing bioactivity as antimicrobial agents to control drug resistant bacterial pathogens, which recommends their further exploration for topical applications in biomedical sectors.
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DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1796787
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