Sustainable Spectrofluorimetric Sensing Platform for Enoxaparin Estimation: Compliance With Green Chemistry and Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract

A sensitive, sustainable, and effortless turn off-on fluorescent sensor was constructed for rapid determination of the non hromophoric drug, enoxaparin sodium (ENX). Enoxaparin is an anticoagulant utilized as a blood thinner for the treatment and prophylaxis of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. The developed sensing platform depends on the quenching of salicylate fluorescence at 410 nm after excitation at 299 nm upon addition of ferric ammonium sulfate. The ability of ENX to displace salicylate from ferric salicylate chelate leads to restoration of salicylate fluorescence. Implementation of Box-Behnken Design (BBD) helps in optimization of different experimental parameters. A linear response was attained over a range of concentrations of ENX 0.4-2.0 μg/mL (equivalent to 0.09-0.43 μM) with detection and quantitation limits of 0.1 and 0.3 μg/mL, respectively. The developed platform was successfully employed for estimation of ENX in injection dosage form with mean recovery of 100.11 ± 1.24. The environmental sustainability of this sensor was assessed using various tools for greenness, blueness, violetness, and whiteness. Furthermore, the adherence to different sustainability development goals (SDGs) was proved.