Sustainable Shelter Belt Optimization in Northern Nigeria: A Systematic Review of Ecological and Socio-Economic Strategies

Abstract

Shelter belts play a critical role in enhancing environmental sustainability, mitigating climate impacts, and supporting socio-economic development in built environments. This Study systematically reviews 424 scholarly documents on shelter belt practices in Nigeria, employing bibliometric, content, and systematic analyses. Key findings reveal that shelter belts contribute to vegetation development, soil conservation, windbreak efficiency, and local livelihoods, yet gaps remain in integrated design approaches and community engagement. Trending research emphasises optimisation, ecological resilience, and socio-economic integration, highlighting opportunities for evidence-based interventions in urban and rural settlements. The Study identifies critical variables, including environmental effectiveness, socio-economic benefits, policy frameworks, and stakeholder participation. These insights provide a framework for architects, urban planners, landscape managers, and policymakers to enhance the design, management, and sustainability of shelter belts in Nigerian built environments. Practical recommendations include reforestation with native species, structured community involvement, integration with land-use planning, and adaptive management monitoring. This review bridges ecological science and socio-economic considerations, offering actionable guidance for sustainable implementation of shelter belts in Nigeria's built environment