article · Process Biochemistry
This study investigated the use of sandbox seed shell waste to create a green solid alkali biocatalyst for microwave-assisted biodiesel production from sandbox oil. The catalyst, produced by calcining sandbox shells, was characterised and found to contain potassium, calcium, and magnesium. A Taguchi approach was used to model the process and optimise input variables. The best conditions, including a heating power of 450 W, a methanol to sandbox oil ratio of 8:1, a reaction time of 1.5 minutes, and 2 wt.% catalyst loading, resulted in a 98.27 wt.% biodiesel yield. The produced biodiesel met standard specifications, and the microwave application significantly accelerated the reaction. The research concludes that sandbox seeds and their shells are promising, sustainable, and cost-effective feedstocks for biodiesel production.
This research offers a sustainable method for producing biodiesel from sandbox seeds and their waste shells. By converting agricultural waste into a valuable catalyst and using microwave technology, it provides a faster, more efficient, and environmentally friendly approach to renewable fuel production, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
The abstract suggests an application in sustainable biofuel production, potentially for the energy sector or industries seeking renewable fuel sources. The use of waste materials and a green catalyst points towards a cost-effective and environmentally friendly process. This appears to be early-stage research demonstrating a viable production method, with the produced biodiesel meeting standard specifications.
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This present work explored the possible use of sandbox seed (Hura crepitans) shell (SSS) waste as a feedstock for synthesizing green solid alkali biocatalyst in the microwave-aided sandbox oil (SBO) transesterification to obtain SBO biodiesel (SBOB). The solid catalyst was produced using a calcination method by burning raw SSS in the open air to obtain ash heated for 3 h in a furnace at 500 oC. The calcined sandbox shell ash (CSSA) produced was characterized using standard techniques to establish its catalytic potency. Also, a model was developed to simulate the process and examine the interactive effect of process input variables on SBOB yield using the Taguchi approach. The CSSA characterization showed it composed of K (44.99%), Ca (1.54%), and Mg (1.87%) with crystalline compounds of K and Mg. The physisorption results gave a mean pore size of 18.142 nm and a surface area of 6.1125 m2/g. The best combination of the input variables determined for the process is a heating power of 450 W, methanol:SBO of 8:1, time of 1.5 min, and CSSA loading of 2 wt.% with an optimum SBOB yield of 98.27 wt.%. The SBOB produced met standard specifications for biodiesel. Microwave application to the SBO transesterification aided in rapidly completing the reaction. The study concluded that sandbox seeds and their shells are promising feedstock for cheap and sustainable biodiesel production.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2024.04.010
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