review · Ain Shams Engineering Journal
Geopolymers offer an alternative binder capable of fully replacing conventional cement. Modifying geopolymer concrete with diverse types and dosages of nanomaterials substantially enhances workability, strength, durability, and microstructural characteristics. A synthesis of more than 190 research and review articles established a database capturing these critical engineering properties. The analysis demonstrates that incorporating nanomaterials aids the development of high-strength and high-performance geopolymer concrete by promoting additional calcium-silicate-hydrate and calcium-aluminate-silicate-hydrate gels, whilst providing beneficial nano-filling effects within the matrix. Across various test conditions, nanomaterial integration yields marked improvements in material behaviour. Alongside these engineering benefits, the assessment outlines existing limitations, operational challenges, and critical research gaps that need further study to support practical implementation in construction.
Traditional cement manufacture carries high environmental burdens, driving demand for cleaner building alternatives. Geopolymer concrete can eliminate the need for standard cement, and adding nanomaterials elevates its strength and resilience to high-performance levels. Clarifying how these nanoscale additives perform helps materials scientists address technical hurdles standing in the way of more sustainable infrastructure.
This work points toward high-strength and high-performance concrete products for the construction sector, targeting building contractors and material manufacturers seeking cement alternatives. Because the findings are drawn from a literature review that specifically notes ongoing technical challenges and unanswered research gaps, real-world deployment appears to remain at an applied research stage rather than near-market readiness.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
Geopolymer, a novel binder material, possesses the potential to replace conventional cement completely. Recent studies have investigated the incorporation of various nanomaterials (NMs) into geopolymer concrete (GPC) to enhance its properties. Nanotechnology, an emerging field of study, has garnered significant attention in recent decades due to its groundbreaking research and practical applications. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the effects of nanomaterial inclusion on the workability, strength, durability, and physical and microstructural characteristics of GPC. The properties have been meticulously examined, reviewed, and discussed. Over 190 research and review articles were reviewed, analyzed, and presented to develop a database containing critical properties of GPC modified with different doses and types of NMs. The influence of introducing diverse kinds and doses of NMs on GPC behavior was assessed. Historical trends, current tendencies, challenges, and the benefits and limitations of NM-modified GPC were explored. According to this review, incorporating NMs is promising for developing high-strength or high-performance GPC. It significantly improves mechanical, microstructural, and durability properties by providing additional calcium-silicate-hydrate, calcium-aluminate-silicate-hydrate gel, and nano-filling effects in the GPC matrix. This advancement will enable the construction industry to realize the potential of NM-enhanced GPC successfully. The present review demonstrated that the geopolymer concrete showed enhancements in engineering properties and effectiveness when modified with different types of nanomaterials and tested under different conditions. The current study also presented some challenges and research gaps that should be addressed in future research studies.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2023.102373
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