Surpoids et Obésité chez des Enfants Scolarisés : Prévalence et facteurs associés

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Childhood obesity, a true international epidemic, is a multifactorial pathology including genetic and environmental factors. AIM: Determine the prevalence and risk factors of overweight in Tunisian schoolchildren in the Bardo region, an urban department of the Tunis governorate. METHODS: Descriptive and cross-sectional study involving schoolchildren aged between 10 and 12 years old. All students received questioning, anthropometric measurements and a food survey. According to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) body weight curves by gender, a Body Mass Index (BMI) in children ≥ 97th percentile defined overweight, and a BMI ≥ IOTF-30 defined obesity. RESULTS: The mean age of the 105 schoolchildren was 10.8±0.5 years. The average BMI was 19.68±3.86 kg/m². More than a third of students (35.3%) were overweight. Overweight affected 45% of girls and 29.2% of boys. The prevalence of obesity was 8.6% (7 boys and 2 girls). 55.6% of girls and 47.4% of the overweight boys had a high calorie diet. TV eating was reported in 40.5% of overweight students versus 19.4% of normal weight students. Prandial overeating increases the risk of overweight in children by 18.48 (p=0.0001). Parental obesity multiplies by 2.69 the risk of overweight in their offspring (p=0.023). CONCLUSION: In addition to genetic heritability, children share rating habits with their parents. Therefore, management based on hygienic-dietary measures must involve the whole family.