review · BMC Surgery
Surgical site infections represent a significant, preventable challenge to public health systems and patient outcomes. In Ethiopia, primary studies have reported varying infection rates, prompting a nationwide systematic review and meta-analysis across 24 studies involving 13,136 postoperative patients. The pooled prevalence of surgical site infections was found to be 12.3 per cent. Several clinical and operational factors were significantly linked to a higher likelihood of infection. Patients with a preoperative hospital stay exceeding seven days faced the highest increase in risk, followed by individuals with diabetes mellitus, an American Society of Anaesthesiologists score greater than one, or a history of previous surgery. In addition, clean-contaminated wounds and operations lasting longer than one hour notably elevated infection rates. Addressing these issues requires tailored, context-specific preventive measures across healthcare facilities.
Surgical site infections place heavy financial and operational strains on healthcare systems and pose serious risks to patient recovery. Identifying the primary drivers of these infections, such as extended hospital stays and underlying conditions, helps clinical teams and healthcare administrators design targeted infection control protocols. This evidence supports better hospital resource management and improved patient care standards in postoperative settings.
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BACKGROUND: Despite being a preventable complication of surgical procedures, surgical site infections (SSIs) continue to threaten public health with significant impacts on the patients and the health-care human and financial resources. With millions affected globally, there is significant variation in the primary studies on the prevalence of SSIs in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of SSI and its associated factors among postoperative patients in Ethiopia. METHODS: statistic was used to check heterogeneity between the studies. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was applied to estimate the pooled effect size, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence interval (CIs) across studies. The subgroup analysis was conducted by region, sample size, and year of publication. Sensitivity analysis was deployed to determine the effect of a single study on the overall estimation. Analysis was done using STATA™ Version 14 software. RESULT: A total of 24 studies with 13,136 study participants were included in this study. The estimated pooled prevalence of SSI in Ethiopia was 12.3% (95% CI: 10.19, 14.42). Duration of surgery > 1 h (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.08-2.94), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 3.25; 95% CI: 1.51-6.99), American Society of Anaesthesiologists score > 1 (AOR = 2.51; 95% CI: 1.07-5.91), previous surgery (AOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.77-3.53), clean-contaminated wound (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.52-3.04), and preoperative hospital stay > 7 day (AOR = 5.76; 95% CI: 1.15-28.86), were significantly associated with SSI. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of SSI among postoperative patients in Ethiopia remains high with a pooled prevalence of 12.3% in 24 extracted studies. Therefore, situation based interventions and region context-specific preventive strategies should be developed to reduce the prevalence of SSI among postoperative patients.
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DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00764-1
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