Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.): a potential genetic resource for breeding crops with combined stress-resistance in semi-arid environments

Abstract

The present review critically examines the significance of tolerant genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as a potential genetic resource to enhance the resilience of other crops in semi-arid environments to combined stresses. Semi-arid areas are especially susceptible to the cumulative effects of various biotic and abiotic stressors, such as pathogens, drought, salinity, scanty rainfall, and high temperatures, which pose a threat to the sustainability of agriculture. We have gone thorough review of the literature to clarify the physiological, genetic, and adaptive processes that allow some genotypes of sunflowers to flourish in such harsh environments. This review has offered valuable perspectives on the feasibility of utilizing these genotypes in crop breeding methods, including genetic engineering and gene editing, aimed at creating cultivars with a combined stress-resistance mechanism. This review highlights the significance of sunflower genotypes as a valuable genetic resource and as a key component of sustainable agriculture in semi-arid regions. This study provides crucial information that will help ensure food security in semi-arid regions and advance sustainable farming in the situation of a changing climate.